Atom is the smallest particle of the matter.

According to the Dalton, atom (Greek word “atomos” means indivisible).

The smallest part of an element that can enter into a chemical combination and can’t exist in free state.

It is the building block of matter.

Atom Sub-atomic Particles:

More than hundred sub-atomic particles like electrons, protons, positrons, antiprotons, mesons, quarks, neutrino and antineutrino etc have been discovered in an atom.

However, electrons, protons and neutrons are the fundamental sub-atomic particles of atoms as they are all present in all types of atoms except the one that is protium (₁H¹).

Protium (₁H¹) contain s one electron , one proton and no neutron.

Electrons revolves around the nucleus of an atom.

Protons and Neutrons are present inside the nucleus of an atom.

Charge on Sub-atomic Particles:

Electrons

Protons

Neutrons

Watch Now !!!

Structure of an atom| Carbon & Oxygen atom | Atomic Number and Mass Number | Ion- Cation vs Anion

If you want to know about shells ,subshells and orbitals,so just Click the below post link:

Difference Between Shells , subshells and Orbitals

ORBIT / SHELL:

An orbit is a well-defined circular path in which electron revolves around the nucleus of an atom.

An orbit is also called as Energy level/ shell.

Orbit / shell are as follow:

K shell (max 2 electrons)

L shell (max 8 electrons)

M shell (max 18 electrons)

N shell (max 32 electrons)

And so on…..

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ELECTRON CALCULATION:

FORMULA:

MAX. NO OF ELECTRON IN A SHELL= 2n ²

^{SUB ORBITS}

^{A sub-orbit is a sub division of electron shells(orbit) separated by electron orbitals.}

Sub orbit also known as sub shells or sub energy level.

Sub shells are denoted by:

(s)sharp (p) principle (d) diffuse (f) fundamental

ORBITALS:

It is a three dimensional probability space around the nucleus of an atom where the possibility of finding the electron cloud is maximum (95%).