Charge on Electron:
R.A. Millikan in 1909 performed an experiment to determine charge on electron.
The apparatus is shown in figure.
It is a glass box having two metallic plates, one act as +ve plate while other acts as –ve plate.
The upper plate has a hole in it.
These plates are 1.6 cm apart.
10000 V voltage was applied across the plates.
Oil was sprayed by atomizer.
X-rays were introduce to charge oil drops negatively also due to friction provided by atomizer, the oil drops were charged.
The area between two plates was
illuminated by light to see oil drops.
Some of oil drops entered into area between two plates. The drops fell under the influence of gravity.
Velocity ‘v1’ of an oil drop was calculated by noting its time of flow from upper plate to the lower one.
v1 ∝ mg
Where k = proportionality constant
v1 = kmg…………. (1)
mg = weight of oil drop
g = acceleration due to gravity
Then electric field was switched on and the oil drop started moving in the upward direction again upward velocity was determined by noting the time of flow from lower plate to the upper one.
The upward velocity v2 depends upon charge on oil drop and strength of electric field.
v2 ∝ Een – mg
v2 = k (Een – mg)….. (2)
Dividing equation-1 by eqation-2
v1 = k mg
v2 k (Een – mg)
v1 = mg
v2 (Een – mg)
Een – mg = v2 mg
v1
Een = v2 mg + mg
v1
Taking LCM
Een = v2 mg + mg
v1 1
Een = v2 mg + v1mg
v1
Taking common
Een = mg (v2 + v1)
v1
OR
Charge on oil drop = en = mg (v1 + v2)
Ev1
Where:
en = charge on oil drop
mg = weight of oil drop
v1 = downward velocity
v2 = upward velocity
E = strength of electric field
In this way charge on oil drop was determined. Millikan repeated this procedure for several hundred oil drops and found that charges on these oil drops were some whole number multiples of 1.6022 x 10-19 coulomb. From these investigations he concluded that this is the charge of an electron.
On the basis of these experiments following characteristics of cathode rays are noted:
- Cathode rays travel in straight line
- They cast shadow of opaque objects on fluorescent screen.
- Cathode rays deflect from their straight path when passed through electric or magnetic fields.
- Cathode rays are negatively charged.
- Cathode rays are stream of material particles which possess energy and momentum.
- They are capable of doing work.
- Cathode rays heat up thin metal film placed in their path. Kinetic energy of cathode ray particles changes to heat energy.
- High speed cathode ray particles when strike metallic anode, X-Rays are emitted.
- Their e/m ratio is independent of nature of gas as well as nature of cathode.
Check out free notes !!
-> Class 10 Chemistry Full book pdf
-> Class 11 Chemistry Full book pdf
-> Class 12 Chemistry Full book pdf
For joining best Chemistry Coaching
I am really impressed with your writing talents as well as with the layout
to your weblog. Is this a paid subject matter or did you
customize it yourself? Anyway stay up the excellent
quality writing, it is uncommon to look a nice blog like this one today..
Hello there, I discovered your web site by means of Google at the same time as looking for a similar matter, your web site came up, it seems great.
I’ve bookmarked it in my google bookmarks.
Hello there, just changed into alert to your weblog via Google, and
located that it’s truly informative. I’m going to watch out for brussels.
I’ll be grateful when you continue this in future. Lots of folks will probably be benefited out
of your writing. Cheers!
Everyone loves what you guys are up too. This type of clever work and reporting! Keep up the excellent works guys I’ve incorporated you guys to my blogroll.
heaben 7e67e646ff https://wakelet.com/wake/_Vv4GnKJgjx2S2FgHAFB6