Class 9 Chemistry Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Chemistry Notes

Topics covered:

• Science
• Chemistry
• Applications of Chemistry
• Matter
• Physical states of matter
• Branches of Chemistry

What is meant by science?

What is meant by Chemistry?

Chemistry is a branch of science concerned with the study of matter and its constituent constituents. It also examines the properties of existing molecules and the chemical reactions that create new chemicals. The primary focus of chemistry is on atoms, ions, and molecules, which, in turn, compose elements and compounds. These chemical species have a propensity to interact through chemical bonding. It is vital to understand that chemistry also investigates the interactions between matter and energy.

Chemistry Definition

Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties, compositions, and structures of elements and compounds, as well as how they can change and the energy that is released or absorbed during such changes.

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Applications of Chemistry

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Matter

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Physical States of Matter

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What are the major branches of chemistry?

Major branches of Chemistry are:

• Physical Chemistry
• Biochemistry
• Organic Chemistry
• Inorganic Chemistry
• Physical Chemistry
• Industrial Chemistry
• Nuclear Chemistry
• Environmental Chemistry
• Analytical Chemistry

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Biochemistry

Example

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Organic Chemistry

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Inorganic Chemistry

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Physical Chemistry

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Industrial Chemistry

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Nuclear Chemistry

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Environmental Chemistry

Examples:

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Analytical Chemistry

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Examples of the Role of Chemistry in Everyday Life

Constant chemical reactions are occurring all around us. Every day, the human body enables tens of thousands of chemical processes. All biological functions, from digestion to muscle contraction, entail chemical interactions. A few further examples of chemistry in human daily life are shown below.

Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction that allows plants to transform water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. This mechanism serves as the foundation for the entire food chain.
Soaps and detergents used for hygiene purposes utilise emulsification, a chemical process. In addition, they are manufactured using a chemical process known as saponification.
Even the sunscreen that people use to shield themselves from the sun’s UV-A and UV-B rays is based on chemistry. These lotions and creams contain a mixture of inorganic and organic chemicals that filter or prevent UV rays.

Summary

Chemistry is the study of matter and the transformations it undergoes, taking both macroscopic and microscopic information into account.
Matter is anything with mass and spatial dimensions.
Physical chemistry, organic chemistry, Inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and biochemistry are the five major branches of chemistry.

Numerous civilizations have contributed to the development of chemistry. The majority of early chemical research centred on applications. In the nineteenth century, fundamental ideas of chemistry were developed. Among the products of contemporary chemistry are novel materials and batteries.

Frequently Asked Questions-FAQs

What is the chemistry introduction?

The primary focus of chemistry is on atoms, ions, and molecules, which, in turn, compose elements and compounds. These chemical species have a propensity to interact through chemical bonding. It is vital to understand that chemistry also investigates the interactions between matter and energy.

Why chemistry is a branch of science?

Chemistry is frequently referred to as the central science since it connects physics and mathematics, biology and medicine, earth and environmental sciences. Therefore, understanding the nature of chemicals and chemical processes provides insight into a number of physical and biological phenomena.

Who discovered chemistry?

Numerous scholars believe Lavoisier to be the “founder of chemistry.” In the 1800s, chemists continued to find novel chemicals. In addition, the scientific underpinning began to become increasingly speculative. In 1807, John Dalton (1766-1844) presented his atomic theory.

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