What is a covalent bond?

In simple words, a covalent bond is made by the mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.

The “glue” that holds the atoms together in molecular units is the bonded pair.

TYPES OF COVALENT BONDS

Covalent Bonds on the basis of electron pairs:

• Single Covalent Bond
• Double Covalent Bond
• Triple Covalent Bond

Single covalent bond:

Sharing of one electron pair results in the formation of a single covalent bond.

Identification & Representation:

Example of Single covalent bond:

H₂ ,Cl₂ ,F₂ ,CH₄ etc..

Double covalent bond:

Sharing of two-electron pairs results in the formation of a double covalent bond.

Example of Double covalent bond:

O₂ , CO₂ etc.

Triple covalent bond:

Sharing of three electron pairs results in the formation of a triple covalent bond.

Example of Triple covalent bond:

N₂ ,C₂H₂ etc.

Types of Covalent Bonds on the basis of Electronegativity Difference:

• Polar Covalent bond
• Non-Polar Covalent bond

Polar Covalent bond

unequal sharing of electrons results in the formation of a non-polar covalent bond.

For example HF, HCl, HBr, H₂O etc.

Electronegativity difference and produce partial charges in polar molecules.

Examples of Polar Bond:

• HF
• H₂O

Watch Now : (Is HF Polar or Nonpolar) in Urdu /Hindi.

Watch Now: Is H2O Polar or Nonpolar in Urdu /Hindi.

Non-Polar Covalent bond

equal sharing of electrons results in the formation of a non-polar covalent bond.

For example H₂, Cl₂, F2, O₂ etc.

Having no electronegativity difference and equal sharing/charge distribution in nonpolar molecules.

The characteristics of stable covalent compounds are largely determined by the nature of their covalent bonds. A covalent bond has several features and characteristics:

What a covalent bond is and what it does?

• formed by atoms sharing electrons
• Synthesized by the combination of two nonmetals or of a nonmetal and a metalloid
• Multiple covalent bonds between the same two atoms are possible.
• It takes a lot of effort to break the bond.
• Directional. 

Also Watch !!!

Covalent bonds Definition Examples and Types( Urdu /Hindi)

This video will help you in understanding the concept of Covalent bonds with the help of the easiest definition, examples of covalent bonds and also the types of covalent bonds. You will be able to understand the types of covalent bonds on the basis of electron pair sharing, Single Covalent Bond Double Covalent Bond Triple Covalent Bond along with definitions and examples. Also discuss the types of covalent bonds on the basis of electronegativity difference, which is a polar covalent bond and non-polar covalent bonds with definitions and examples.

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Frequently Asked Questions-FAQ

What is ionic and covalent bond?

Answer

In contrast to the covalent bond, which forms between two nonmetals, an ionic bond is established between a metal and a nonmetal.

How is a covalent bond formed?

Answer

When two atoms share electron pairs with one another, they form a covalent bond.

What elements form a covalent bond?

Answer

Typically, nonmetals form covalent bonds with one another. Two hydrogen atoms are singly linked to one oxygen atom in water (H2O) because each H and O atom shares a pair of electrons.

Is water a covalent bond?

Answer

In water (H2O), two hydrogen atoms are singly bonded to one oxygen atom; each H and O atom shares a pair of electrons to form a water molecule.

What are the 10 examples of covalent bonds?

Answer

Examples of covalent compounds are provided below.

• Hydrogen (H2) Hydrogen (H) is the simplest of all elements.
• Oxygen O2
• Ozone O3
• Nitrogen N2
• Water H2O
• phosphorus trichloride PCl3
• Carbon Dioxide CO2
• Methane CH4
• Ammonia NH3
• Carbon Monoxide CO