What is the Destructive distillation of Coal?
When coal is heated in absence of air, its destructive distillation or carbonization occurs.
Main Products obtained from Destructive Distillation:
Destructive distillation of coal produces the following products.
Coal gas:
Coal gas is also called town gas. It is a mixture of H2, CO, and CH4. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide (water gas) obtained from coal gas is converted to petroleum by Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process.
(2n+1) H2 + n CO → CnH2n+2 + n H2O
where n = number of carbon atoms in the alkane.
This reaction is catalyzed by transition metals like Cobalt, Iron, Ruthenium and Nickel. The mixture is heated to 150-300oC.
Ammoniacal Liquor:
Ammoniacal Liquor is an ammonia solution that is used for making fertilizers like ammonium sulphate, and ammonium superphosphate.
Coal Tar:
Coal tar is a mixture of aromatic compounds. The compounds obtained from coal tar are used in making soaps, fats, dyes, plastics, perfumes, drugs, pesticides, explosives etc.
Coke:
Coke is used as domestic and industrial fuel. Coke is also used as a reducing agent in industries to obtain metals from their ores.
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Destructive Distillation of Coal Experiment
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