Neutralization reaction:

A neutralization reaction is defined as a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react together to form a salt (ionic compounds) and water.

Acid + Base   ——->     Salt + Water

 A neutralization reaction is generally an acid-base reaction.

How do you balance neutralization reaction equations?

Neutralization equations can be easily balanced with the help of the following steps:

Step 1:

Write the word equation for neutralization reaction.

Step 2:

Write down the chemical formulas of all the substances involved in the chemical reaction.

Step 3:

Balance the number of hydrogen and hydroxide by placing a suitable number before the acid or base on the reactant side of the chemical reaction.

Step 4:

Balance water (H-OH) on the product side.

Step 5:

Now balance the remaining equation by the inspection method.

Step 6:

Finally, show the state of each substance involved in the chemical reaction.

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Examples!!

Let’s take examples.

Barium nitrate Ba(NO3)2 is used to produce a green colour in the firework. It can be made by the reaction of nitric acids (HNO3) with Barium hydroxide, Ba (OH)2.Write a complete and balanced chemical equation for this neutralization reaction?

So, the steps involved are as follows:

Step 1:

Write the word equation for neutralization reaction.

Nitric acid+ Barium hydroxide —>     Barium nitrate + water

Step 2:

Write down the chemical formulas of all the substances involved in the chemical reaction.

HNO3 + Ba (OH)2   —>   Ba(NO3)2   + H2O

Step 3:

Balance the number of hydrogen and hydroxide by placing a suitable number before the acid or base on the reactant side of the chemical reaction.

Here,

HNO3 contains one H and Ba (OH) 2 contains 2 OH, so multiply HNO3 by 2 to balance the number of hydrogen and hydroxide on the reactant side of the chemical reaction.

H = 1    , OH = 2   (unbalanced)

H = 1×2 =2    , OH = 2   (balanced)

So equation becomes

2HNO3 + Ba (OH)2     —>    Ba(NO3)2   + H2O

Step 4:

 Balance the number of hydrogen and hydroxide in water (H-OH) on the product side.

Water contains (H-OH) where H = 1    , OH = 1 (on product side)

so multiply H2O by 2 to balance the number of hydrogen and hydroxide on both the reactant and product side of the chemical reaction.

2HNO3 +  Ba(OH)2  —>   Ba(NO3)2   +  2H2O

Step 5:

Now balance the remaining equation by the inspection method.

NO3 = 2   ,  Ba = 1 ( already balanced on both the reactant and product side)

Step 6:

Finally, show the state of each substance involved in the chemical reaction.

2HNO3 +  Ba(OH)2  ——->     Ba(NO3)2   +  2H2O

      ————————————

Magnesium hydroxide Mg (OH)₂ called milk of magnesia is used as an antacid. It neutralizes excess stomach acid (HCl) Write a complete and balanced chemical equation for neutralization reaction.

So, the steps involved are as follows:

Step 1:

Write the word equation for neutralization reaction.

Hydrochloric acid + Magnesium hydroxide –> Magnesium chloride + water

Step 2:

Write the chemical formulas of all the substances involved in the chemical reaction.

HCl + Mg (OH)2 —>       MgCl2   + H2O

Step 3:

Balance the number of hydrogen and hydroxide by placing a suitable number before the acid or base on the reactant side of the chemical reaction.

H = 1   , OH = 2

Multiply HCl by 2 to balance hydrogen and hydroxide on the reactant side.

Now !!

H = 1X 2 =2    , OH =2

So the equation becomes,

2HCl + Mg (OH)2  —>     MgCl2   + H2O

Step 4:

Balance water (H-OH) on the product side.

2HCl + Mg (OH)2   ——->    MgCl2   + H2O

Water contains (H-OH) where H = 1    , OH = 1   on the product side.

So to balance both sides, multiply H2O by 2.

2(H-OH)

Now!!

H=2, OH =2   (balanced)

So the equation becomes,

2HCl + Mg (OH) 2   —>    MgCl2   + 2H2O

Step 5:

Now balance the remaining equation by the inspection method.

Mg = 1   , Cl = 2 (already balanced on both the reactant and product side).

Step 6:

Finally, show the state of each substance involved in the chemical reaction.

2HCl + Mg (OH)2 —>      MgCl2   + 2H2O

      ——————————————-

Balanced Neutralization Reaction Examples:

HCl + KOH  ——->     KCl + H2O

H2SO4 + 2NaOH   ——->     Na2SO4 + H2O

3H3PO4 + 2NaOH   ——->     Na3PO4 + H2O

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