What is Percentage Composition?
Percentage composition is defined as ” the number of parts of an element in 100 parts of a compound “
Or in simple words:
The percentage amount of all elements in the compound is called percentage composition.
Percentage Composition Calculation Formulae:
%age of element = Mass of element in the compound X 100
Mass or molar mass of compound
OR:
%age of element = Atomic mass X Number of moles X 100
molar mass of compound
OR:
%age of element = Atomic mass X Number of atoms X 100
molar mass of compound Avogadro’s number
Related Important Question:
What is the percentage composition of water?
The percentage composition of water can be calculated as follow:
Molar mass of water (H2O)= ( 2 X1) + (1 X 16)
= 2+ 16
= 18 g/mol
we know that :
%age of element = Mass of element in the compound X 100
Mass or molar mass of compound
%age of H = 2 X 100
18
= 11.11%
%age of O = 16 X 100
18
= 88.89%
Numericals:
Aluminium sulphate hydrate [Al2(SO4)3.x H2O] contains 8.20% of Al by mass, calculate x.
Solution:
Formula mass of Al2(SO4)3.x H2O
= 27×2 + 32×2 + 16×12 + x(1×2 + 16)
or
Formula mass of Al2(SO4)3.x H2O
= 54 + 96 + 192 + x(18)
or
Formula mass of Al2(SO4)3.x H2O = 342 + 18x
Percentage of Al in Al2(SO4)3.x H2O = 8.20%
But
Percentage of Al in Al2(SO4)3.x H2O =
Amount of Al in Al2(SO4)3.x H2O x 100
Formula mass of Al2(SO4)3.x H2O
8.20 = 54 x 100
342 + 18x
Or
8.20 (342 + 18x) = 5400
Or
2804.40 + 147.60x = 5400
Or
147.60x = 5400- 2804.40
Or
147.60x = 2595.60
Or
x = 2595.60 / 147.60 = 17.59 ≈ 18
Q. Calculate the percentage composition of a compound. ( MgSO4 )
Molar mass of MgSO4 = 1 x 24 + 1 x 32 + 4 x 16 = 24 + 32 + 64 = 120
% age of Mg = Mass of Mg x 100
120
= 24 x 100 = 20 %
120
% age of S = Mass of S x 100
120
= 32 x 100 = 26.67 %
120
% age of O = Mass of O x 100
120
= 64 x 100 = 53.33 %
120
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