What is an ionic bond?

An ionic bond is also known as the electrovalent bond is the type of chemical bond where a linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound. Such a type of bond forms when one atom completely transfer valence (outermost) shell electron/s to another atom.

Definition of Ionic Bond:

The force of attraction that binds oppositely charged ions is called an ionic bond

OR:

The complete transfer of electron/s from one atom(metal) to another atom (non-metal) results in the formation of an ionic bond.

Diagram of Ionic Bonding:

Ionic Bond Example:

To understand ionic bonding, let’s take an example of sodium chloride (NaCl).

NaCl is the salt (also known as table salt) that we add to our foods to give flavour.

Formation of NaCl via Ionic Bond:

Sodium Chloride (NaCl) is formed when two types of atoms (metal & non-metal atoms) stick or bind together by an ionic bond.

Sodium (Na) belongs to group 1A in the periodic table. It has only one valence electron.

To complete its valence shell and becomes stable, sodium atom loses its one valence shell electron and is left with an octet

( Complete 8 valence shell electrons).

When the Na-atom loses it valence shell electron results in the formation of sodium ion (Na⁺).

On the other hand, chlorine belongs to group 7A, having 7 valence shell electrons. To complete its valence shell and becomes stable chlorine needs one electron.

When Cl-atom gains one electron from Na-atom, Cl-atom becomes a chloride ion (Cl^–).A chloride ion is formed after the gain of one electron and is left with a complete octet ( 8 valence shell electrons).

Remember !!!

When atoms get an electrical charge they are called ions.

Positively charged ions are formed by the loss of electron/s and are known as a cation. For example, sodium ion (Na+) is a cation.

Whereas Negatively charged ions are formed by the gain of electron/s and are known as Anion. For example, Chloride ion (Cl^–) is an anion.

We know that opposite charges always attract one another. so the ions having opposite charges( e.g. Na+ & Cl- ions) can stick or bind together by the electrostatic force of attraction known as an ionic bond.

Ionic Compound:

Compounds that consist of ions joined together by electrostatic forces are called ionic compounds.

Example of Ionic Compound:

The most common example of an ionic compound is table salt(NaCl).

Also Watch!!!

What is Ionic bond -Definition and Examples, Diagrams (Urdu / Hindi) Chemistry

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