Lewis concept
The definitions of Lewis acids and bases are based on electron pair transfers.
What is an acid🔥🔥🔥?
Lewis Acid Definition
A lewis acid is a substance that can accept a pair of electrons.
Lewis acid is always short of electrons and therefore acts as an electrophile (electron-loving species).
Examples of Lewis Acids:
All the positively charged species and the molecules with the central atoms which need one or more lone pair of electrons to complete their valence shell are called Lewis acids.
e.g.
👉AlCl3
👉CO2
👉H+
👉Fe+3 etc.
What is a base?
Lewis Base Definition
A base is a substance that can donate a pair of electrons.
A lewis base is always an electron rich species that contain one or more lone pairs of electrons therefore it acts as a nucleophile (nucleus loving).
Examples of Lewis Bases:
All the negatively charged species and neutral species bearing one or more lone pairs of electrons are called lewis bases.
e.g.
👉NH3
👉H2O
👉F- etc.
Difference between Lewis Acid & Lewis Base:
Explanation of Lewis acid & Lewis base Reaction:
A lewis acid-base reaction is the donation of electron pair/s by the base to acid, resulting in the formation of a coordinate covalent bond b/w acid and the base.
Frequently Asked Questions -FAQ
Who gave concept of Lewis acid and base?
Lewis stated in 1923 that an acidic substance is one that can take an electron lone pair from another molecule to complete the stable group of one of its atoms. The acid–base theory of Bronsted and Lowry was published in the same year.
How do you identify Lewis acids and bases?
If the centre atom possesses an unbonded pair of electrons, it will behave as a Lewis base and transfer its pair of electrons to the acid.
If the valence shell of the central atom is full, the molecule will accept the pair of electrons from the Lewis base and behave as a Lewis acid.
What is the difference between Lewis acid and Lewis base?
Lewis acid is traditionally limited to species with an empty p orbital, often known as trigonal planar species. A Lewis base is a species or basic substance that gives an unpaired pair of electrons to Lewis acids to form a Lewis adduct.
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