How to draw Molecular Orbital Diagram of Li2 , Li 2+ , Li2 –

How to draw Molecular Orbital Diagram of Li

Do you know !!

Lithium belongs to group 1 ( alkali metals), period 2 s-block element of the periodic table. Lithium is represented by the symbol “Li”.

The atomic number of Lithium (Li ) is 3 and the mass number is 6.941.

li atomic number and mass number
Lithium

Li Electronic Configuration:

The distribution of electrons in lithium electronic shells is as follows:

K shell = 2 electrons

L shell = 1 electron

li atom
Lithium atom

so the electron configuration is :

The electronic configuration of the Li atom is 1s2 2s1.

How do draw the Molecular Orbital Diagram of Lithium molecule (Li2)?

According to the molecular orbital theory, the molecular orbital diagram of the lithium molecule is shown below:

li2 mo diagram
MO diagram
li2 bond order
Li2 bond order

The 2 electrons are present in σ 2s orbitals.

The antibonding molecular orbital σ*2 s is empty.

Thus

Bond order = Number of electrons in BMO – Number of electrons in ABMO /2

Bond order = 2-0

2

Bond order = 1

Bond order 1 shows that there is a single covalent bond between the lithium atoms in the Li2 molecule.

How to draw the molecular orbital diagram of Li2, Li2 +, Li2 –?

MO diagram
mo diagram of li2 li2+ li2-
MO diagram of Li2 ,Li2+ ,Li2-

In the case of Li2 +, the 1 electrons are present in σ 2s orbitals.

The antibonding molecular orbital σ*2 s is empty.

Thus

Bond order = Number of electrons in BMO – Number of electrons in ABMO / 2

Bond order = 1-0

2

Bond order = 0.5

Similarly,

In the case of Li2 -, the 2 electrons are present in σ 2s orbitals.

The antibonding molecular orbital σ*2 s contains 1 electron.

Thus

Bond order = Number of electrons in BMO – Number of

electrons in ABMO/ 2

Bond order = 2-1

2

Bond order = 0.5

Arrange the following species in increasing order of stability: Li2, Li2 +, Li2

Chemistry Class important question
MO diagram
Stability order of Li2,Li2-,Li2+

Since the bond order of Li2 is higher than Li2 + and Li2 -. Therefore, Li2 has stronger single covalent bonding. Thus lithium molecule (Li2) is more stable.

Li2 + is more stable as compared to Li2 – :

Li2 + and Li2 ions have the same bond order ( 0.5).

But Li2 has more electrons in higher energy antibonding molecular orbital as compared to Li2 +.

Thus Li2 + is more stable than Li2.

so the increasing order of stability is:

Li2 > Li2 + > Li2

Molecular Orbital Energy level Diagram for Li2, Li2+ ,Li2 –

Trick to Calculate Bond Order :

li bond order

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1 thought on “How to draw Molecular Orbital Diagram of Li2 , Li 2+ , Li2 –”

  1. I have been absent for a while, but now I remember why I used to love this blog. Thank you, I’ll try and check back more frequently. How frequently you update your site?

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