Preparation of Lassaigne’s Solution- Detection of Elements

Detection of Elements by Lassaigne’s Solution(Sodium Extract):

Lassaigne's Solution
preparation of lassaigne’s solution

Lassaigne’s solution or sodium fusion extract should be prepared to detect Nitrogen, Sulphur and halogens in the given organic compound.

Lassaigne’s solution

Why do we prepare Lassaigne’s solution?

Materials Required for Lassaigne’s solution:

Following is the list of materials required for the preparation of lassaigne’s solution.

  1. Sodium metal
  2. Distilled water
  3. Organic compound
  4. Test tube
  5. Fusion tube
  6. China dish
  7. Funnel
  8. Wire gauze
  9. Tripod stand’
  10. Filter paper
  11. Glass rod
  12. Bunsen burner
Sodium Extract
Material required for preparation of lassaigne’s solution

Lassaigne’s solution Preparation Procedure :

Step 1:

Take a small piece of dry sodium metal in a fusion tube.

Step 2:

Heat the fusion tube gently on the Bunsen burner to melt sodium metal.

preparation of lassaigne's solution step 2
preparation of lassaigne’s solution step 2

Step 3:

Add a small amount of organic compound to a fusion tube.

preparation of lassaigne's solution step 3
preparation of lassaigne’s solution step 3

Step 4:

Heat it first gently & then strongly the tube becomes red hot. 

preparation of lassaigne's solution step 4
preparation of lassaigne’s solution step 4

Step 5:

Break this fusion tube into a china dish containing 20cm3 of distilled water.

preparation of lassaigne's solution step 5
preparation of lassaigne’s solution step 5

Step 6:

Mix ,boil & filter the solution .

preparation of lassaigne's solution step 6
preparation of lassaigne’s solution step 6

Step 7:

This filtrate is called Lassaigne’s solution or sodium extract

preparation of lassaigne's solution step 7
preparation of lassaigne’s solution step 7

Then divide the filtrate (Lassaigne’s solution ) into three parts to test the presence of N, S & halogens.

It is based upon the fact that when an organic compound containing nitrogen, sulphur and halogen is strongly heated with metallic sodium, its nitrogen converts to ionic NaCN (sodium cyanide), sulphur to ionic NaS (sodium sulphide) and halogen to ionic NaX (sodium halide) if they are present.

What is the purpose of preparing sodium extract or Lassaigne’s solution?

In elemental analysis, the sodium fusion test, also known as Lassaigne’s test, is used to qualitatively determine the presence of foreign elements, notably halogens, nitrogen, and sulphur, in an organic compound.

Which metal is used in Lassaigne’s test?

In Lassaigne’s test, sodium is utilised due to its electropositive character and to transform covalent form to ionic form. It has a very reactive nature.

Detection of elements in organic compounds -Preparation of Lassaigne solution ( Urdu / Hindi)
Detection of Nitrogen by Lassaigne’s Solution

How is Sulphur detected in Organic Compounds

Detection of Halogens in Organic Compounds by Lassaigne Method

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