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What are free radicals?
Free radical Definition
Chemical species (atom/molecule) having unpaired valence shell electron.
For example :
Hydrogen atom having unpaired valence electron (1e-).
Similarly, the Chlorine atom has an unpaired valence electron (7e-).
Remember !!
unpaired electrons indicate an odd number of valence shell electrons .
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Free Radical Animated video in Urdu / Hindi:
How does free radical form?
Homolytic cleavage of the molecule (formed by the sharing of electrons via a covalent bond) results in the formation of free radicals.
Now!!!
What is Homolytic Cleavage?
Covalent bond breakage is when the shared electrons are split evenly between the products.
Representation of free radicals:
unpaired valence shell electron in free radical is represented by a dot.
Examples of free radicals:
Formation of Chlorine free radicals :
Cl2 is a stable Chlorine molecule. When the homolytic cleavage of the chlorine molecule takes place in the presence of light, it will result in the even distribution of electrons between the products as chlorine free radicals.
As you can see in the diagram the chlorine free radicals having 7 valence electrons (unpaired/odd electron numbers) indicates chlorine free radical formation.
Why free radicals are highly reactive?
free radicals are highly reactive due to the unpaired valence electron.
Properties of free radicals:
- Free radicals having unpaired valence electrons
- Free radicals are highly reactive
- Free radicals are paramagnetic in nature
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