Chemical Bonds and its Types:
What is a chemical bond?
OR
Identify and define the four major types of chemical bonding?
Answer:
Chemical Bond definition
The attractive forces that hold the atom together to form a chemical compound or molecule are called chemical bonds.
EXPLANATION:
Why do atoms form chemical bonds?
- The chemical reactivity of free elements other than inert gas elements is due to incomplete octet in their outermost shell.
- Therefore, to attain stability and to complete the outermost shell with electrons, atoms combine chemically to form chemical bonds.
Examples of Chemical Bonds
- Molecules of the same elements consist of the same kind of atoms
O2
O3
- While molecules of the compounds are made up of different kinds of atoms.
H20
CO2
Types of Chemical Bonds:
Chemical bonds are of the following types
- Ionic bond
- Covalent bond
- Co-ordinate covalent bond
- Metallic bond
Ionic Bond:
The chemical bond which is formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another atom is called an Ionic bond.
EXAMPLE

NaCl
CaCl2
Covalent Bond:
The chemical bond which is formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between atoms is called a Covalent bond.

EXAMPLE:
H2O
O2
Co-ordinate covalent bond:
The covalent bond in which a shared pair of electrons is donated by one of the two bonded atoms is called a Co-ordinate covalent bond.
EXAMPLE:
NH4 + (Ammonium Ion)
H3O+
Metallic bond:
The positively charged ions are held together by mobile electrons are called Metallic bonds.
EXAMPLE:
All metals have metallic bonds.
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